The Android runtime environment consists of a set of core libraries and virtual machine. The core libraries provide most of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java programming language.
On conventional computing devices software runs directly on the operating system kernel but an Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine. Dalvik has been written so that a mobile device can run multiple instances of it in an efficient manner. Dalvik is not your typical JVM though it’s very similar. The Dalvik VM executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format which is optimized for minimal memory footprint. The VM is register-based, and runs classes compiled by a Java language compiler that have been transformed into the .dex format by the included "dx" tool.
The Dalvik VM relies on the Linux kernel for underlying functionality such as threading and low-level memory management.
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